A Scorecard From 1894

I found a very neat item at Ohio Memory.org. According to the website "The Cincinnati Base Ball Club Score Book contains portraits of club officers, players, and sports editors for local newspapers; a game schedule for 1894; advertisements; and a completed scorecard for a game against St. Louis. Some of the noteworthy portraits are of William "Dummy" Hoy, a deaf center-fielder for whom umpire's hand signals were instituted; James "Bug" Holliday, a left fielder who batted .383 for the 1894 season, the highest recorded average in Reds history; and Charles Comiskey, the club manager who later became the owner of the Chicago White Sox. The 24-page score book measures 6 by 9 inches (15.24 by 22.86 cm)."








If I'm reading the scorecard correctly, this is the May 12, 1894 game between the Cincinnati Reds and the St. Louis Browns. The game was held at League Park in Cincinnati and the Reds won the contest by a score of 5-0. The Sporting News, in their account of the game, wrote that "It was as pretty a coat of whitewash as was ever applied before a Cincinnati crowd, and more than 3,000 enthusiasts were on hand to enjoy it." Reds pitcher Tom Parrott "was the recipient of sundry and numerous rounds of applause" for his performance. Ted Breitenstein took the loss for the Browns.

Ted Breitenstein

I found another interesting post at Fungoes from November that I had buried in my bookmarks. They compiled a list of the top pitching seasons in Cardinals' history since 1892 based on Win Shares and I thought the results were kind of surprising. Dizzy Dean's 1934 season was ranked number one followed closely by Bob Gibson's 1968 season. The surprising thing, to me anyway, was that Ted Breitenstein's 1894 season was tied with Gibson's 1968 season as the second best year by a Card's pitcher since 1892. Breitenstein also held the eighth spot on the list for his 1893 season and the 25th spot for his 1895 season. So based on Win Shares, Breitenstein had two of the top eight and three of the top twenty five pitching seasons by a Cardinal in the last one hundred and fourteen years. His run from 1893 to 1895, again based solely on Win Shares, is comparable to Dean's 1934-1936 and Gibson's 1968-1970 runs.

Al Spink wrote the following about Breitenstein in The National Game:

Theodore Breitenstein was at one time the greatest left-handed pitcher in America. That was in the middle 'nineties when he pitched for St. Louis. And no left-handed pitcher has lasted longer in baseball than this St. Louis boy.

Theo. Breitenstein saw the light of day for the first time on June 8, 1869 and St. Louis was the first place he ever played ball. When he was 22 years of age he joined the Grand Rapids team of the then newly-formed Northwestern league. This was his first attempt at professional ball, but he had already made a name for himself as an amateur pitcher on the lots of St. Louis.

He did not remain with Grand Rapids very long for Chris Von der Ahe, owner of the St. Louis Browns bought him from the Furniture City team, and August 3, 1891 he reported to St. Louis. His debut in the big league was anything but a howling success as he lost both games he worked in.

In 1892 he was on the verge of being discharged time and time again, but Von der Ahe had faith in him and although he lost 20 games and won but five that season he was with St. Louis the following season. From this time on he developed into a wonder. The Cincinnati Club liked him so well that $7,500 was paid for his release. This was in 1897.

He remained with Cincinnati until 1901, when he once more returned to St. Louis. It was while he was in Cincinnati that he pitched his first no-hit game.

Breitenstein's second advent as a St. Louis player was no more a success than his first, for he again lost the first two games he pitched. Then came the order for all major league clubs to cut down to 16 men and Theo. was let go to St. Paul.

He did not like the atmosphere of St. Paul any too well and he quit the team and returned to St. Louis to attend to his business interests. Charlie Frank, who was then manager of the Memphis club of the Southern league paid a short visit to St. Louis and when he returned to Memphis he had Theo's name to a contract.

The next season Frank left Memphis and took up the management of the New Orleans club of the same league and Breitenstein followed him there. This was back in 1903 and Theo. is still there, pitching great ball for the Pelicans and it looks as though he would continue to pitch first-class ball for another season or two.

According to Spink, Breitenstein, who first gained attention as an amateur player in St. Louis while playing with the Home Comforts, pitched four no-hitters during his career and pitched more one and two hit games than any other pitcher in the history of the game (through 1910).

In the Historical Baseball Abstract, Bill James writes that Breitenstein and catcher Heinie Peitz were collectively known as the "Pretzel Battery". "(It) sounds obscure now," he said, "but apparently this was quite well known at the time...Peitz and Breitenstein got the name after a game one day, when they were sitting in a back room at the Golden Lion saloon in St. Louis, eating pretzels and drinking beer. A fan came in and shouted at the bartender, 'Hey, look who's back there. It's that pretzel battery, Breitenstein and Peitz.' The name stuck and became the lead line of both men's obituaries."

That's all good and well but, getting back to the original point, the guys at Fungoes are trying to tell us that Breitenstein in 1894 was as good as Dean in 1934 and Gibson in 1968. They're trying to tell us that Breitenstein was one of the greatest pitchers in Cardinals' history. Neither of these things is, of course, true. I'm not a math whiz by any stretch of the imagination nor am I an expert on the new matrices but there's obviously something not quiet right here. "One of these things is not like the other; one of these things doesn't belong."

If I had to guess why Breitenstein (and Pink Hawley and Jack Powell and Kid Gleason and Jack Taylor) did so well on this list, I would say that it was because Win Shares tends to overestimate the value of 19th century pitchers based on the number of innings they pitched. Breitenstein, from 1893 to 1895, threw a total of 1258 innings. Dean, from 1934 to 1936, threw 941 innings. Gibson, from 1968 to 1970, threw 912. Breitenstein was certainly a decent pitcher, posting a career ERA+ of 109, and during his run from 1893 to 1895 put up an ERA+ of 148, 113, and 109. Those are good years. But I think much of his value is in the fact that he's throwing 100 more innings a year than Dean and Gibson. Dean put up a three year ERA+ stretch of 159, 135, and 124. Gibson put up three years of 258, 164, and 132. The Win Shares system is basically trying to tell us that 400 innings from a good pitcher in the 1890's is as valuable as 300 innings from a great pitcher in the 1930's or 1960's. And that simply is not true.