Friday, December 7, 2007

A Scorecard From 1894

I found a very neat item at Ohio Memory.org. According to the website "The Cincinnati Base Ball Club Score Book contains portraits of club officers, players, and sports editors for local newspapers; a game schedule for 1894; advertisements; and a completed scorecard for a game against St. Louis. Some of the noteworthy portraits are of William "Dummy" Hoy, a deaf center-fielder for whom umpire's hand signals were instituted; James "Bug" Holliday, a left fielder who batted .383 for the 1894 season, the highest recorded average in Reds history; and Charles Comiskey, the club manager who later became the owner of the Chicago White Sox. The 24-page score book measures 6 by 9 inches (15.24 by 22.86 cm)."








If I'm reading the scorecard correctly, this is the May 12, 1894 game between the Cincinnati Reds and the St. Louis Browns. The game was held at League Park in Cincinnati and the Reds won the contest by a score of 5-0. The Sporting News, in their account of the game, wrote that "It was as pretty a coat of whitewash as was ever applied before a Cincinnati crowd, and more than 3,000 enthusiasts were on hand to enjoy it." Reds pitcher Tom Parrott "was the recipient of sundry and numerous rounds of applause" for his performance. Ted Breitenstein took the loss for the Browns.

Thursday, December 6, 2007

Dave Foutz's Obituary

I stumbled upon Dave Foutz's obituary in the March 6, 1897 issue of The New York Times and thought I'd pass it along:


Above is Foutz's grave in Loudon Park Cemetery in Baltimore. The photo comes from The Deadball Era.

Wednesday, December 5, 2007

Ted Breitenstein




I found another interesting post at Fungoes from November that I had buried in my bookmarks. They compiled a list of the top pitching seasons in Cardinals' history since 1892 based on Win Shares and I thought the results were kind of surprising. Dizzy Dean's 1934 season was ranked number one followed closely by Bob Gibson's 1968 season. The surprising thing, to me anyway, was that Ted Breitenstein's 1894 season was tied with Gibson's 1968 season as the second best year by a Card's pitcher since 1892. Breitenstein also held the eighth spot on the list for his 1893 season and the 25th spot for his 1895 season. So based on Win Shares, Breitenstein had two of the top eight and three of the top twenty five pitching seasons by a Cardinal in the last one hundred and fourteen years. His run from 1893 to 1895, again based solely on Win Shares, is comparable to Dean's 1934-1936 and Gibson's 1968-1970 runs.


Al Spink wrote the following about Breitenstein in The National Game:

Theodore Breitenstein was at one time the greatest left-handed pitcher in America. That was in the middle 'nineties when he pitched for St. Louis. And no left-handed pitcher has lasted longer in baseball than this St. Louis boy.

Theo. Breitenstein saw the light of day for the first time on June 8, 1869 and St. Louis was the first place he ever played ball. When he was 22 years of age he joined the Grand Rapids team of the then newly-formed Northwestern league. This was his first attempt at professional ball, but he had already made a name for himself as an amateur pitcher on the lots of St. Louis.

He did not remain with Grand Rapids very long for Chris Von der Ahe, owner of the St. Louis Browns bought him from the Furniture City team, and August 3, 1891 he reported to St. Louis. His debut in the big league was anything but a howling success as he lost both games he worked in.

In 1892 he was on the verge of being discharged time and time again, but Von der Ahe had faith in him and although he lost 20 games and won but five that season he was with St. Louis the following season. From this time on he developed into a wonder. The Cincinnati Club liked him so well that $7,500 was paid for his release. This was in 1897.

He remained with Cincinnati until 1901, when he once more returned to St. Louis. It was while he was in Cincinnati that he pitched his first no-hit game.

Breitenstein's second advent as a St. Louis player was no more a success than his first, for he again lost the first two games he pitched. Then came the order for all major league clubs to cut down to 16 men and Theo. was let go to St. Paul.

He did not like the atmosphere of St. Paul any too well and he quit the team and returned to St. Louis to attend to his business interests. Charlie Frank, who was then manager of the Memphis club of the Southern league paid a short visit to St. Louis and when he returned to Memphis he had Theo's name to a contract.

The next season Frank left Memphis and took up the management of the New Orleans club of the same league and Breitenstein followed him there. This was back in 1903 and Theo. is still there, pitching great ball for the Pelicans and it looks as though he would continue to pitch first-class ball for another season or two.
According to Spink, Breitenstein, who first gained attention as an amateur player in St. Louis while playing with the Home Comforts, pitched four no-hitters during his career and pitched more one and two hit games than any other pitcher in the history of the game (through 1910).

In the Historical Baseball Abstract, Bill James writes that Breitenstein and catcher Heinie Peitz were collectively known as the "Pretzel Battery". "(It) sounds obscure now," he said, "but apparently this was quite well known at the time...Peitz and Breitenstein got the name after a game one day, when they were sitting in a back room at the Golden Lion saloon in St. Louis, eating pretzels and drinking beer. A fan came in and shouted at the bartender, 'Hey, look who's back there. It's that pretzel battery, Breitenstein and Peitz.' The name stuck and became the lead line of both men's obituaries."

That's all good and well but, getting back to the original point, the guys at Fungoes are trying to tell us that Breitenstein in 1894 was as good as Dean in 1934 and Gibson in 1968. They're trying to tell us that Breitenstein was one of the greatest pitchers in Cardinals' history. Neither of these things is, of course, true. I'm not a math whiz by any stretch of the imagination nor am I an expert on the new matrices but there's obviously something not quiet right here. "One of these things is not like the other; one of these things doesn't belong."

If I had to guess why Breitenstein (and Pink Hawley and Jack Powell and Kid Gleason and Jack Taylor) did so well on this list, I would say that it was because Win Shares tends to overestimate the value of 19th century pitchers based on the number of innings they pitched. Breitenstein, from 1893 to 1895, threw a total of 1258 innings. Dean, from 1934 to 1936, threw 941 innings. Gibson, from 1968 to 1970, threw 912. Breitenstein was certainly a decent pitcher, posting a career ERA+ of 109, and during his run from 1893 to 1895 put up an ERA+ of 148, 113, and 109. Those are good years. But I think much of his value is in the fact that he's throwing 100 more innings a year than Dean and Gibson. Dean put up a three year ERA+ stretch of 159, 135, and 124. Gibson put up three years of 258, 164, and 132. The Win Shares system is basically trying to tell us that 400 innings from a good pitcher in the 1890's is as valuable as 300 innings from a great pitcher in the 1930's or 1960's. And that simply is not true.

Tuesday, December 4, 2007

Not Exactly A Blockbuster


On December 4, 1886, the Maroons traded Alex McKinnon to the Pittsburg Alleghenys for Otto Schomberg and $400. Three months later, Schomberg would be sold to the Indianapolis Hoosiers.

Make sure to take some time today to remember the immortal Schomberg for McKinnon deal. And please celebrate responsibly.

Update: It was brought to my attention that the McKinnon/Schomberg deal was the first player trade between National League teams (see comments). For an overview of 19th century player transactions, you should check out David Ball's work here. Also (and I just noticed this), Schomberg wasn't exactly sold to Indianapolis in 1887. The Black Diamonds folded, Indianapolis was admitted into the League to take their place, and many of the Maroon players ended up there.

Kid Gleason


In the 19th century, the St. Louis Browns had three of the best hitting pitchers this side of Babe Ruth. According to methodology developed by Bill James, the six best hitting pitchers of all time are the Bambino, Monte Ward, Bob Caruthers, Dave Foutz, Elmer Smith, and Kid Gleason. The top ten is basically Ruth and a bunch of 19th century guys.

Gleason, who played for the Browns from 1892 to 1894, was a pretty good pitcher with a career record of 138-131 and an ERA+ of 104. In 1895, while playing with Baltimore, Gleason developed a sore arm. At the same time, Orioles' second baseman Heinie Reitz broke his collarbone. While the Orioles were looking for replacement for Reitz, Gleason volunteered to fill in at second and played so well that he never went back to the mound. Kid Gleason, who had already pitched in the big leagues for eight seasons, played 14 more seasons as a second baseman.

Dan Lindner has a nice piece on Gleason, who is best known as the manager of the Black Sox, over at SABR's BioProject and had this to say about Gleason's days with the Browns:


Gleason was sold to Saint Louis prior to the 1892 season and assumed a position in the starting rotation for the next two seasons, winning 20 or more games both seasons while playing more games as a spare fielder. He started 45 games each season, completing all but two in 1892 while hurling 400 innings (he added 380 in 1893). Though not among the league leaders, he nonetheless produced numbers that later researchers concluded gave him a positive Total Pitcher Index for both seasons.

It should not be surprising that Gleason, like any spirited St. Louis player of the day, ran afoul of team owner Chris Von der Ahe. One day, as Kofoed told the story, the owner imposed a fine on Gleason by withholding $100 from his pay envelope. Kid marched into Von der Ahe's office and yelled, "Look here, you big, fat Dutch slob. If you don't open that safe and get me the $100 you fined me, I'm going to knock your block off."


Gleason got his refund immediately.Gleason got off to a poor start in 1894, losing six out of eight starts, and was sold to Baltimore for $2,400 in late June.


Al Spink , in The National Game, wrote the following about Gleason:


One of the oldest second basemen in the National League in 1908 was William Gleason of the Philadelphia Club.

"Kid" Gleason, for that is the name he has been known by in the base ball field for nearly a score of years, and even now in his veteran days, started off as a pitcher.

He was a fine speedy twirler at that but when his arm gave out he was easily able to obtain a position as an infielder for besides being a ball player of all-round capacity, he was a batsman of the first flight.

He covered second base for the New York Team for several seasons and then went to Philadelphia. He was not related in any way to William Gleason, the great short fielder of the St. Louis Browns.

Monday, December 3, 2007

Put Parisian Bob In The HoF!


There's a nice post over at Fungoes about the best Cardinals not in the Hall of Fame. When I saw the title of the post, the first name that popped in my head was "Ted Simmons" but I was pleasantly surprised to see Bob Caruthers at the top of the list.

The guys at Fungoes had the following to say about Parisian Bob:

Bob Caruthers (SP, 337 Win Shares, Veterans Committee): This one is going to make Zubin happy. Caruthers played only one season for the St. Louis National League team, but played half his career with the AA Browns, winning five league championships in his 10-year career. A superb hurler as well as batter, Parisian Bob was Rick Ankiel before Rick Ankiel — heck, he was Babe Ruth before Ruth. Speaking of Ruth, Caruthers and The Sultan are the only players in history to have led the league in both ERA+ and OPS+. Winning 218 games back when starting-pitcher wins actually meant something, Caruthers has one of the all-time best winning percentages.

Charles H. Turner

This weekend I was doing research on three projects that I wanted to get off my plate. The first was a basic genealogy of the Lucas’s, a prominent St. Louis family that was deeply involved in the history of 19th century baseball in the city. The second was the makeup of the board of directors of the 1875 St. Louis Brown Stockings. In A Newspaper Man’s Motion-Picture View of the City, Bill Kelsoe lists the members of the board and I wanted to gather some general information about the men who were instrumental in financing and organizing the team. Finally, I wanted to find more information about the social makeup of the Union Base Ball Club of St. Louis. Based on a few sources that I have, it appears that some of the members of the Union Club came from prominent and wealthy St. Louis families. That members of the Union Club came from the city’s upper class seems to be fairly unique among baseball clubs of the era and demanded more research. While I was unable to finish any of the three projects, interestingly all three research threads came together in the person of Charles H. Turner. As a wise man once said, “I love it when a plan comes together.”

Charles Turner was born in 1849 to Henry S. Turner and Julia Hunt. Henry Turner was a West Point graduate and classmate and friend of William T. Sherman who served with Stephan Kearney in the Mexican-American War. Julia Hunt was the daughter of Theodore Hunt, a naval officer and favorite in St. Louis social circles, and Anne Lucas, the only daughter of J.B.C. Lucas, one of the earliest settlers of St. Louis and one of its wealthiest and most influential citizens. H.S. Turner, with the support of his wife’s powerful family, would serve as a member of the St. Louis Board of Aldermen, the Missouri State Legislature, and as Assistant United States Treasurer. In the 1880 census, he listed his occupation as “retired capitalist.” In the 1870’s, H.S. Turner, as a member of the Board of Aldermen, would introduce legislation that established the street car system in St. Louis. Within a few years, his son Charles would own the company that his father helped to establish.

Charles Turner, according to Jeremiah Fruin, was an original member of the Union Base Ball Club of St. Louis. Other members of Turner’s social set who were members of the club included his cousin Robert Lucas, Shepard Barkley, Joseph Charles Cabanne, Orrick Bishop, and Harry Carr. Turner, a catcher, was described as a part of the original battery of the Union nine. He also pitched and played second base for the club. His membership in the original Union Club raises some questions. If the club was founded in the early 1860’s at about the same time as the Empire Club (and they were certainly playing baseball by 1861) then Turner could not have been an original member, being too young. It’s most likely that Turner did not join the club until after the Civil War.

In 1875, Turner was involved in the founding of the Brown Stockings. With the urging of newspaper men W.C. Steigers and R.P. Thompson, “several young St. Louisans of prominence” set up an organization to create a professional baseball team in St. Louis that could compete with the professional Chicago White Stockings. The board of directors that was elected to run the new organization included J.B.C Lucas, president; W.C. Steigers, vice-president; Charles A. Fowle, secretary; and Charles Turner, treasurer. Other members of the board included Orrick Bishop, William Medart, and Joseph Carr. Interestingly, the Union Club was heavily represented on the board with Turner, Steigers, and Bishop all being members and with the possibility that Lucas and Carr were as well. The Lucas family was also well represented with Turner joining his cousin J.B.C. Lucas on the board.

While it’s unknown exactly what role Turner played with the Brown Stockings, he was involved, according to Jon David Cash, in the signing of the Louisville players in 1877. These signings which were an attempt to duplicate Chicago’s raid on the Boston Red Stockings, coupled with the gambling scandal that involved both the signed Louisville players as well as members of the Brown Stocking nine, helped to bring about the collapse of the Brown Stockings organization and the experiment with professional baseball in St. Louis.

It’s difficult to overstate the prominence of Charles Turner in 19th century St. Louis. Not only was he a member of the wealthiest St. Louis family, he also married into another prominent family. His wife Margaret was the daughter of Stephen Barlow, the cousin of Stephen Douglas and a wealthy politician and railroad magnate in St. Louis. Turner himself was the president of the Suburban Railway Company, which owned the St. Louis street car system, and the Commonwealth Trust Company. He was described by Lincoln Steffens as being a millionaire and served on the St. Louis Board of Police Commissioners in the 1880’s. Turner also was a member of the Board of Directors of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, which raised the money to put on the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis.

Turner’s influence in St. Louis was exposed in a negative way by Steffen in 1902. In what became known as “The Boodle Scandal,” Turner was shown to have been a member of a cabal that bribed city aldermen and state legislators in order to get legislation passed that was favorable to their business interests. In grand jury testimony, Turner was shown to have paid over $144,000 in bribes to secure legislation that would double the value of the Suburban Railway Company, which he was looking to sell. The case was tied up in court for several years and Turner died in 1906 before facing the legal consequences of his actions.

While “The Boodle Scandal” and Steffen’s exposes may have tarnished Turner’s reputation, his legacy was saved by the service of his grandson. Charles Turner Joy was the son of Charles Turner’s only daughter, Lucy Barlow Turner, and Duncan Joy. He graduated from Annapolis in 1916 and served in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. During Korea, Rear Admiral Charles Turner Joy served as Commander of Naval Forces, Far East. After he passed away in 1956, a destroyer was named after him. The USS Turner Joy, pictured above, served the nation proudly until it was decommissioned in 1982.

Sunday, December 2, 2007

John Kirby

John Kirby, who was born in St. Louis in 1865, was one of the worst pitchers of the 19th century. Over the course of his five year major league career, Kirby appeared in 76 games and posted a career record of 18-50 with an ERA+ of 80. Among 19th century pitchers with at least 45 decisions, Kirby's .265 winning percentage is the seventh worst. He also happened to be a terrible hitter with a career batting average of .105 and a career OPS+ of -20.

In 1886, Kirby and John Healy were the top two pitchers for the Maroons, which says a lot about the fortunes of the Black Diamonds. With an 11-26 record and an ERA+ of 97, Kirby enjoyed his finest season.

On June 14, 1886, the Maroons, with Kirby on the mound, took on the Detroit Wolverines. The Sporting News wrote that "(the) Black Diamonds tried hard to beat (Detroit)...but Kirby's errors were many and costly, and their good playing could not square with his poor work." In the Maroons' 11-6 loss, Kirby walked ten men, had six wild pitches, committed four throwing errors, and gave up nine unearned runs.

History Carnival 59

The 59th History Carnival is now up at Westminster Wisdom. There just so happens to be a little post about Fred Dunlap included in the Carnival. Thankfully, the quality of the rest of the blog carnival is substantially better than my meager contribution. Definitely head over there and check it out. You'll be happy you did.

Saturday, December 1, 2007

Home Run Duffee



I was looking at Charlie Duffee's stats the other day and was thinking to myself that he looked like a pretty decent player. He finished third in home runs in the AA in 1889 and fourth in 1891. In each of the first four years of his career he finished with over twenty stolen bases with a high of 41 in 1891. The guy had a nice combination of power and speed.

The thing that had me scratching my head was that he only played four full seasons in the major leagues. After breaking in with the Browns in 1889 and having two okay seasons, Duffee was sold to the Columbus Solons in Febuary of 1891. In 1892, he was with the Washington Senators of the NL. Duffee had a perfectly average year for the Senators (with an OPS+ of 100) and was released at the end of the year. Except for four games with the Cincinnati Reds in 1893, where he was reunited with Comiskey, Duffee's career was finished.

I was puzzled. Duffee wasn't a great player (despite the "Home Run" moniker) but he was a league average hitter with pop who could steal bases. I couldn't tell you how good an outfielder he was but Duffee was a good enough athlete to be able to play the infield. Over the course of his short career, Duffee played games at every infield position except catcher. Worse players than Duffee have had much longer careers. So what happened?

It took me awhile to find the very obvious answer. I did a Google search on Duffee and didn't find much but eventually I did find an explanation for Duffee's short career. The search brought up a link to The Deadball Era and as soon as I saw that I smacked myself in the head and cursed my limited intelligence.

The reason Home Run Duffee's career ended in 1893 was because he got tuberculosis. According to The Deadball Era, Duffee died of consumption in 1894. His page at Baseball Reference lists his date of death as December 24, 1894. Duffee was 27 years old when he played his last game and was only 28 when he died. A legitimate major league player, Duffee's career was cut short just as he was entering his athletic prime.

While I haven't been able to find out much about Duffee, there are a few references to him out there. David Nemec, in The Beer & Whiskey League, writes that the 1889 AA season "was an extraordinarily fertile one for frosh players, as almost every Association team received a significant contribution from at least one yearling." He goes on to mention Duffee as one of the rookies with the Browns that year. Harold Seymour, in Baseball: The Early Years, while writing about the "interesting" behavior of Brooklyn fans, said that "(after) one fracas with them, in which the team's safety was endangered, a St. Louis player, Home Run Duffee, a native of Mobile, declared he would rather hoe cotton down in Alabama for ten dollars a month than 'run the gauntlet' of Brooklyn fans..."

One interesting note that I was able to find about Duffee was that he took part in the first major league game ever played in Minnesota. On October 2, 1891, Duffee and the Columbus Salons took on the Milwaukee Brewers in Minneapolis. Stew Thornley wrote that "Milwaukee transferred its final series of the season, against Columbus, to Athletic Park in Minneapolis because, according to the St. Paul Pioneer Press, 'Having lost all prestige in their own towns the two teams sought to run up to Minneapolis and replenish their exchequers.'" Milwaukee defeated Columbus 5-0 and Minnesota wouldn't see major league baseball again until 1961.

Friday, November 30, 2007

Tommy McCarthy


"Thomas McCarthy is now the regular scout for the Cincinnati Club and when not at work for that organization spends his time in Boston."

"McCarthy in the days of the old and decidedly famous St. Louis Browns, was one of the star outfielders of that organization. 'Little Mack' was the 'Kid' who took the place in the Browns outfield of dear old Hughie Nichol. McCarthy was as fast as lightning in the outfield, a pretty man standing up at the plate and taking him all in all he might be termed one of the wonderful outfielders of the early eighties."

From The National Game

Tommy McCarthy was described by Jon David Cash, in Before They Were Cardinals, as "the best of the players the 1888 Browns recruited to replace their former stars" and was, along with Hugh Duffy, one of Boston's "Heavenly Twins". Bill James writes in the Historical Baseball Abstract that "(among) all major league outfielders playing 1000 games at the position, the highest rate of baserunner kills (assists) per game is by...Tommy McCarthy, who had 268 kills in 1,189 games, which is 36.5 kills per 162 games..." James also wrote that McCarthy is one of the few pure leadoff men in the Hall of Fame.

Why McCarthy is in the Hall of Fame is unclear to me. It's certainly not because of his stats. Certainly he was a smart, heady player and had one heck of an arm in the outfield but that lifetime OPS+ of 102 doesn't do much for me. In 1890, he lead the AA in stolen bases and a year later led the league in singles. That's about it for black ink. James makes the argument, based on the testimony of John M. Ward, that McCarthy invented the hit and run (or at the very least perfected and popularized the play). That's certainly significant, if true, but is that enough to get somebody in the Hall of Fame? Maybe it has something to do with his playing on the great Boston teams of the 1890's. I must be missing something here.

Okay, I went to the Hall of Fame forum over at Baseball Fever and found a great post from Fuzzy Bear explaining McCarthy's HoF selection. Fuzzy, whose opinion I respect, wrote this:


McCarthy actually gives George Kelly competition as the worst HOFer there is.

McCarthy's selection, from various sources I have read, was a result of the Old-Timers Committee of the 1940s making large numbers of inductions, in part because the writers of that period didn't seem to want to induct ANYBODY. This is how the gray area of the HOF started. McCarthy was elected by guys who were his pals and peers who were still alive. I guarantee you that if the writers were inducting worthy candidates at that time, the Old-Timers Committee would have made fewer inductions, and McCarthy would NOT be a HOFer.

McCarthy is a guy who MIGHT have a case if he (A) played CENTER field, (B) won MULTIPLE GOLD GLOVES, (C) had a longer career, and (D) posted the same numbers in a tighter offensive context. McCarthy was a good player, but nothing more.

I understand that McCarthy had some "fame" in his day. This may have played a role in his selection, but I'm not sure as to the extent of his "fame" while active.

Thursday, November 29, 2007

"The Greatest Game Ever Played In St. Louis" Part Two

My first post on the Browns' fifteen inning, 0-0 game against the Stars of Syracuse (which can be found here) was essentially Al Spink's take on the game. Bill Kelsoe also had quite a bit to say about the game in A Newspaper Man's Motion-Picture of the City. Reading Kelsoe's account of the game (which is posted below), I think you can understand why everyone made such a fuss. It sounds like it was one heck of a baseball game.


Greatest of St. Louis Ball Games
(From the Sunday Evening Telegraph, St. Louis, Mo., May 1, 1910)

Thirty-Third Anniversary Today of Remarkable Game at Sportsman's Park--"Billy" Kelso, a Veteran Baseball Authority, Writes Interestingly of Great 15-Inning Struggle Between the Old Browns and the Famous Syracuse Stars.

How many fans at the Cleveland-St. Louis game this afternoon know it was played on the grounds and on the anniversary of the day made memorable by one of the most remarkable contests in the history of baseball? The opponents of "our Browns" on May 1, 1877, were the famous Syracuse Stars, who had won two games on the way to St. Louis from the ex-champion Cincinnati Reds and who the season before had defeated all the big clubs in the national organization, including the Chicago champions and the Boston ex-champions.

The contest was specially noteworthy on account of the brilliant fielding. Some of the batters were famous as sluggers and they had on their batting clothes that day, but as fielders they did even better than as batters. Every chance given a fielder to put out a man was accepted. Fifteen innings were played and not a run scored, darkness then putting an end to the game.

The Stars played McKinnon, Farrell, Geer and Carpenter at, respectively, first, second, short and third, and the Browns, Croft, McGeary, Force and Battin. In the outfield were Mansell, Hotaling and Clinton at left, center and right for the visitors and Dorgan, Remsen and Blong for the home club. McCormack and Higham formed the Star battery and Nichols and Clapp ours.

Only one batter in the game reached third base, but he almost scored, missing the chance by less than half a second. It was in the eighth inning and Dave Force had made third on hits to right field by himself and Jack Remsen.

In my report of the game to the old St. Louis Times, I said:"Only one man was out as yet and the hard-hitting Croft was at the bat. It seemed as though the Browns were about to score and when Croft sent a long fly to back center field everybody was sure Force would get in. The fly settled in Hotaling's hands, however, and the next instant the ball came home like a shot and Davy was caught at the plate. The play was the finest of a game full of brilliant plays and Hotaling had to take off his hat in response to the cheers that greeted him. The second half of the inning was remarkable for a fine catch by Remsen and a piece of lightning fielding by McGeary."

Darkness Stops Great Battle

The game would have been worthy of a conspicuous place in baseball history even if darkness had come at the end of the regulation nine innings. As stated in the Times report, "the batting had, for the most part, been heavy and the fielding brilliant, but good as either the batting or fielding was during the first nine innings, that which followed was even better. From now until the close of the fifteenth inning, when darkness ended the contest, the spectators were kept constantly busy with their hands and lungs, applauding brilliant plays by individual fielders. Nichols opened the tenth with a long fly to Mansell's field. Dorgan tipped a swiftly pitched ball and Higham shot out his left hand and fastened his claws on it (foul-tips counted out when caught thirty years ago). Clapp sent a hot one through McKinnon and stole second, where he was left by a fly to Geer. The batting of the Stars netted no bigger results. McGeary stood in the way of Carpenter's bounder and Mike Dorgan's long legs and long throw prevented Higham from getting farther than second base on a ball batted nearly to the left-field fence. Only one man was as yet out, but the spectators were relieved a little later when Remsen froze to Geer's fly and McKinnon was put out by Croft."

Dorgan, who had captained the Syracuse Stars the year before, was noted both as an outfielder and catcher and was considered the heaviest batter of the home team. In the eleventh inning the fans all expected Force to reach third base on a hit to the left-field fence. "The instant the ball left Force's bat Mansell started on a run toward the southwest corner of the ball park (in 1877 the home plate was in the southeast corner of the park), and when the ball neared the ground in that corner his right hand was there to receive it. Mansel was on a dead run when he reached the ball, and the play was the best one-handed catch ever made on that ball field."

In the second half of the same inning "a ball from Hotaling's bat went like a shot in Blong's direction (right field) and it seemed as if nothing short of a miracle could prevent the batter from reaching first, but McGeary managed in some way to get a hand in front of it and the next instant the ball was held by Croft."

An Epochal Session

Joe Battin, one of the picked men who had represented the United States in an all-around-the-world series of games a few years before, opened the fourteenth inning with a stinging, crooked bounder which struck Geer in the breast and "rolled twenty feet away," but the ball beat the batter to first. "Mansell distinguished himself again by taking a fly from Force's bat on a dead run. Remsen now came in for another safe hit, the ball going to centerfield, but in running to second directly afterward he unfortunately collided with a hot liner from Croft's bat and was decided out" (much to the surprise of the spectators, as the decision was under a new rule).

The sun being almost down, it was decided to play only one inning more. As Remsen was the last out for the Browns in the fourteenth inning, Croft, the next batter, who had caused the out, was, under the old rules, the first up in the fifteenth. He hit safely and after Joe Blong's out stole second base. "Everything now depended on Nichols and Dorgan, neither of whom had batted McCormack for a single safe hit. Nichols struck fiercely, but wildly, for a double-bagger and brought forth a skyball for Farrell, and then Dorgan, the last hope of the Browns, faced the pitcher. He swung his bat as if to send the ball to the out fence, but the sad result was a high ball, which dropped into Carpenter's hands, and the Browns took the field for the fifteenth time."

Farrell, the first striker, stood at the plate without making a motion with his bat and was finally sent to base on called balls. McCormack batted a fly to Croft and Carpenter hit to Nichols, who threw to McGeary and forced out Farrell. Then Higham, the last hope of the Stars, came to bat. A two-base hit would bring home the man at first and win the game for the Stars. Higham made a desperate lunge at the first good ball pitched, but a twist was on the sphere. It bounded to Davey's feet and the next instant was shot into Croft's hands, and the game was over-a 15-inning game with a score of nothing to nothing.

The result seemed to satisfy the players, as well as spectators, and everybody was jubilant at having witnessed the most remarkable game on record. The batting under ordinary circumstances would have netted a score or more of base hits. The fielding was never excelled on a ball field."

Wednesday, November 28, 2007

Dave Foutz In Action

This is a fantastic picture of the great Dave Foutz in action with the Brooklyn Bridegrooms.

Al Spink wrote the following about Foutz in The National Game:

"On the St. Louis American Association team in 1883 to 1888 was Dave Foutz, who with Bobby Caruthers, pitched for the St. Louis Browns in those years when they were winning American Association and then World's Championships.

"Foutz was brought from the Bay City, Mich., Club to St. Louis and remained with the Browns while they were winning pennants.

"In the Fall of 1888 Caruthers and Foutz, pitchers, and Bushong, catcher, were sold to Brooklyn by President Von Der Ahe of the St. Louis Club. It was said he received enough for the releases of the trio to build a block of stone front houses on St. Louis avenue, just west of Grand.

"When those three left St. Louis, however, the St. Louis Club's prestige went with them. With the aid of Foutz, Caruthers, and Bushong, the Brooklyns won the American Association Championship in 1889 and 1890, but in the former year they lost in the fight for the World's flag with New York while in 1890 they tied with Louisville in the World's Championship series.

"Foutz was perhaps the tallest and slimest pitcher in the history of the game. He was from all outward appearances a consumptive. But despite his appearance he was the possessor of considerable strength and while he was one of the speediest of pitchers he could also hit the ball an awful hard crack.

"As a thoroughly gentlemanly player his whole career no one ever saw him lose his temper or heard him speak a harsh word to his most formidable opponent.

"When he left Brooklyn it was to go to Baltimore and he died in that city some years ago."

Tuesday, November 27, 2007

The Empires And The St. Louis Fire Department

It's obvious to me that there was some sort of relationship between the Empire Base Ball Club of St. Louis and the St. Louis Fire Department. When the city instituted an all-paid fire department in 1857, Henry Clay Sexton, the president of the Empires in 1864 and again from 1870 to 1873, was named chief. John Shockey, who would serve as team captain in 1869, was an assistant chief with the department. Other members of the club who were known to have worked as firemen were Adam Wirth, Tom Oran, and Joe Schimper. Both Shockey and Schimper were, according to Bill Kelsoe, "killed by a falling wall at a fire" and are on a list of firemen killed in the line of duty kept by the StLFD.

Certainly not all the members of the Empire Base Ball Club were members of the StLFD. Al Spink wrote in The National Game that the club "had in its ranks many wide-awake business men as well as some of the most influential mechanics and tradesmen. It had for its officers the most popular men in the community-men selected for their great heart, wide acquaintance and numerous following." The Empires were by no means an extension of the StLFD but the fire department had both a strong presence and influence on the club.

This is not unique in the history of 19th century baseball. According to Warren Goldstein in A History of Early Baseball, one of the "most fertile sources of baseball nines were volunteer fire companies..." The most famous example of this was the New York Mutuals who were "founded in 1857 by the Mutual Hook and Ladder Company No. 1." It's Goldstein's contention that the volunteer fire companies and the early fire departments played a vital role in the development of early baseball, "providing a cultural bridge between this new sport and the earlier, more rough-and-tumble world of working-class leisure." He goes on to list some of the similarities between the two institutions including their names, social activities, and uniforms.

It's doesn't appear, based on Spink's observations on the make-up of the club, that the Empires fit Goldstein's pattern exactly. But, under the leadership of Sexton, a relationship between the club and the StLFD was established and this relationship was used to the advantage of the club. This can be seen in Tom Oran's switch from the Union Club to the Empires. Peter Morris, in his essay on Oran for SABR's Biography Project, writes that "(on) June 5, 1869, the Empire Club defeated the Unions to regain local supremacy. Shortly afterward, the Empires lost their catcher to injuries and recruited Oran to take his place...Both clubs appear to have been amateurs, and it is unlikely that Oran was offered money to change clubs. It is, however, quite possible that he received another sort of inducement to join the Empires. Empire club president Henry Clay Sexton was the chief of the St. Louis fire department and Oran was soon working as a city fireman."

I think it's safe to assume that there were more members of the Empire Club who were also members of the StLFD than the five that I'm aware of. I'm currently searching for a list of members of the StLFD in the 19th century in order to compare it to known members of the Empire Club. When these two lists are cross-checked then the extent of the relationship between the two organizations should become clearer.

Note: The picture at the top of the post is of a funeral procession of a St. Louis fireman who lost his life in the line of duty in 1916. It's the earliest photograph of St. Louis firemen that I've been able to find and was taken from History's Time Portal to Old St. Louis.

The Blue Stockings Battle The Uniques And Their Fans

"On October 13, 1875, in the same ballpark where the Cicago White Stockings played their home games, two African-American baseball teams waged a heated contest. One club, the Blue Stockings, hailed from St. Louis; the other, the Uniques, were a local Chicago squad. Two days earlier, the visiting Blue Stockings had defeated the Uniques, 12-8, and now the home team sought with grim determination to earn a split in the rain-shortened series. This game, with its premature ending and violent undertones, illustrated that African-American ball clubs were just as caught up in the regional rivalry between St. Louis and Chicago as their white counterparts in the major leagues.

"The Blue Stockings trailed, 17-14, as they came to bat in the bottom half of the ninth inning. After the first two Blue Stockings batters reached base safely, the Uniques attempted to stall until the umpire called the game on account of darkness. However, when the Uniques' first baseman hid the game ball, umpire J.F. Thacker simply tossed another baseball to the pitcher and ordered the Uniques to 'play ball.' The Uniques refused to heed this admonition; as a consequence, the game abruptly ended. As the Blue Stockings tried to leave the ballfield, a stone-throwing mob approached them and inflicted severe injuries to two of their players, William Mitchell and William Pitts.

"A dispute ensued over the outcome of the game. According to the Chicago Tribune, umpire Thacker waved off the unfinished ninth inning and proclaimed the Uniques 15-14 winners in a darkness-shortened eight-inning contest. In a letter written to the Tribune, though, Thacker declared that the ball game had been forfeited to the Blue Stockings: 'My decision...is that, upon the refusal of the Uniques to proceed with the game and their concealing the ball when called upon to produce it, under the circumstances, the game belongs to the Blue Stockings by 9 to 0.'

From Jon David Cash's Before They Were Cardinals

This piece about the Blue Stockings appears in the appendix of Cash's fine book. One of the major themes of his book is the rivalry between St. Louis and Chicago, how it spilled over onto the diamond, and affected the baseball history of both cities. It's interesting that he was able to continue this theme in a short piece on race issues in 19th century baseball.

The Blue Stockings are just one more reason why, to me, 1875 is the most interesting year in the history of St. Louis baseball.

Monday, November 26, 2007

An Interesting Note On The Union Club

There's an interesting note in the November 29, 1870 issue of The New York Times about the Union Base Ball Club of St. Louis. The Times writes that "(the) Union Amateur Club, of St. Louis, has disbanded. Its social status was too high for Sunday playing, which is in vogue in St. Louis."

Al Spink writes in The National Game that "(in) the early (1860's) the Union...came into the field. The Union had for their playing team Charles H. Turner, catcher; R.J. Lucas, pitcher; Henry Carr and Henry Berning, first base; E.C. Meacham, second base; Charles Cabanne, third base; Eugene Greenleaf, shortstop; Asa Smith, left field; Walter Wolf, center field, and Archie Easton, right field."

"It will be noticed by the above list," Spink writes, "that the Union team was made up of the silk stocking element of that day and the name Union was taken because the players of the teams were all men who had stood by the Union during the Civil War. Their very name at that time aroused feeling and animosity and added to the rivalry that already existed between the then leading local baseball teams."

Sunday, November 25, 2007

The Atlantic Base Ball Club Of St. Louis

Bill Kelsoe, in A Newspaper Man's Motion-Picture Of The City, makes two references to the Atlantics of Brooklyn playing in St. Louis. He mentions a game played between the Reds and the Atlantics on July 29, 1874 and another between the Empire Club and the Atlantics on May 2, 1875. When I read those references, I was immediately skeptical (as seen in this post).

The Atlantics did come to St. Louis in 1868. They defeated the Union 68-9 on June 27th and then beat the Empire 53-15 two days later. This is the only record of an Atlantics' visit to St. Louis that I can find. The only other link that I can find between St. Louis and the Atlantics of Brooklyn is the fact that Lip Pike, Dickey Pearce, and Jack Chapman all played for the Atlantics before joining the Brown Stockings in 1875.

My assumption was that Kelsoe, who in writing his book used both the records of numerous St. Louis newspapers as well as his own personal recollections and those of his acquaintances, had simply confused the 1868 visit of the Atlantics of Brooklyn with games played in 1874 and 1875 by a St. Louis amateur team also called the Atlantics. He was, after all, writing almost fifty years after the fact and these things happen. When going through my notes, I found a reference to an Atlantic Base Ball Club in St. Louis that supports my assumption. This Atlantic Club was an amateur team that played its home games at the Compton Avenue Base Ball Park owned by Thomas McNeary.

In the April 5, 1875 edition of the St. Louis Globe, there is an account of a game played between the Reds and the Atlantics in which the Reds emerged with a 32-4 victory. Playing for the Atlantics that day were Libby, Price, Williams, Jones, Rippy, Myers, Kelly, Mueller, and Devinney. The Globe states that it was the intention of the Atlantics to join the Missouri State Association that year and compete for the amateur baseball championship of Missouri. The officers of the Atlantics were listed as J. Walter (president), E. Hogan (secretary), George Waugh (treasurer), and L. Meyer (director).

One has to assume, based on this evidence, that the team that defeated the Reds at the Compton Avenue Park in 1874 and the team that was beaten by the Empire at the Grand Avenue Park in 1875 was the Atlantic Base Ball Club of St. Louis and not the Atlantics of Brooklyn.

John Healy



"St. Louis, Mo., March 18 (1899)-

"John Healey, who ten years ago was a great base ball pitcher, has died in this city of consumption. In 1888-89 he was one of the American players who made the trip around the world and played in Europe, Asia, and Australia. He quit the diamond two years ago and became a policeman, but was obliged to give up his position last year on account of ill health. The funeral took place this morning from the family residence, 2418 Bacon street, to St. Teresa's Church. Joyce, Quinn, Whistler and a number of other ball players who are in the city attended the funeral...

"The deceased had been ill with consumption for about a year. After retiring from base ball in 1896, he secured a position with the St. Louis Police Department, covering himself with distinction the short time he served. Illness compelled him to resign from active duty last summer, and he was employed for a short while after that at office work at the Four Courts. Healy left a wife and two children. He saved considerable money during his playing career, and left his family comfortably fixed.

"Healey was one of the All-American team which opposed the champion Chicago team in the world's tour of 1888-89. He was a native of Cairo, Ill. and because of his birthplace was known among his fellow ball players as 'the Egyptian.' He was over 6 feet in height and of slender build. As a pitcher he was counted a good man. Of abstemious habits and always conscientious in his work, he was considered by team captains a thoroughly reliable pitcher...

"Healey attained his early prominence while pitching for Henry Lucas' St. Louis Maroons of the old Union league. His skill as a twirler at that time was famed throughout the land. Being particularly tall and slim of build, he was named 'Long John.' Healey was a member of the pitching corp of the Indianapolis Club in the late 80's and when Al Spalding made that famous 'round the world trip with the Chicago's and All-Americans, Healey was one of the party. Healey pitched for Baltimore through the season of 1891 and in the beginning of the season of 1892. In 1890 he pitched with such remarkable success for the Toledo Club that he was bought by Baltimore...'Long John' played in the Western League in 1895 and 1896, his last engagement having been with the Minneapolis Club. He then retired from baseball.

"Many base ball managers are indebted Healey for having 'tipped' them off on promising ball players, many stars of the present generation owing their present position to him. His death will be regretted all over the land: by the players, especially, who knew him as a comrade and by the public generally who had admired him as the professional artist he was."

From Sporting Life, March 25, 1899

John Healy was one of two reserve pitchers for the All-Americans on Spalding's world tour. Mark Lamster writes that "Spalding, with his acute sense of publicity, had instructed (John) Ward to start backup pitcher John Healy for the All-Americans (in the historic game played in the shadows of the pyramids at Giza)-Healy, a native of Cairo, Illinois, was known around the league as 'The Egyptian.'" Healy's nickname derived from his residence in "Little Egypt"-a local term used synonymously with "Southern Illinois."

Lamster goes on to write that "Chicago took advantage in the first inning, scoring twice before (Cap) Anson, perhaps daydreaming about the enigmatic ruins surrounding the field, was picked off base. The All-Americans countered in the second, taking a commanding lead with seven runs off Chicago pitcher John Tener. When Healy was hit by a pitch during the rally, (Chicago reporter Newton) MacMillan wryly noted that the Spinx was 'observed to weep' in sympathy. The hero of the day was Chicago catcher Tom Daly, who connected for the only home run of the contest in the fourth. Spalding, who served as umpire for the historic match, called the game after five innings, with the final score 10-6 in favor of the All-Americans. 'A triumph, in an artistic sense at least,' was MacMillan's take on the events, and that seemed to capture the general consensus."

Al Spink wrote that Healy was a "tall, graceful player" who was "popular with the public and his fellow ballplayers." He went on to say that Healy was no relation to "another pitcher, John Healy, a local St. Louis boy, who was at one time associated with Peoria and other minor league teams." According to Spink, John Healy was not just a policeman but served as "a member of the St. Louis detective force."

Saturday, November 24, 2007

My 19th Century Baseball Photos


I just put a bunch of my 19th century baseball photos online at Flickr. There's about 180 photos that I've gotten from various places on the interweb, including American Memory, the Rucker Archive, and the Spalding Collection. Most of the photos that I uploaded are St. Louis related and some I've already posted here at TGOG. I'm hoping to go through the rest of my photos and upload more over time.

You can find my 19th century baseball photo collection here.

The Reds Have A Bad Road Trip


Bill Kelsoe writes in A Newspaper Man's Motion-Picture View Of The City about a baseball game that took place on July 14, 1875 between the St. Louis City Council and a group of St. Louis newspaper reporters.

"A new City Council was elected in the spring of 1875," he wrote, "some of the members being ardent baseball fans, the same as many of the newspaper reporters here. While the Browns were on their first, or maybe it was their second eastern tour, advantage of their absence to use Grand Avenue Park, now called Sportsman's Park, was taken by two nines representing, respectively, the press and the city government...The game was played on the afternoon of July 14, resulting in a victory for the reporters."

Kelsoe goes on to write that "(while) the St. Louis reporters were having a holiday game with our City Fathers...the original St. Louis Browns, were defeating the Atlantics at Brooklyn by the score of 2 to 1. The following day they won a second game in Brooklyn, making their sixth victory, without a single defeat since leaving home the week before, the other victims being the Philadelphias and the New York Mutuals, with two defeats each. The St. Louis Reds...were in Cincinnati for two games, one being with the Covington Stars across the river, which they won, losing the other."

This reference to the Reds playing in Covington in July of 1875 seems to come from Kelsoe's personal recollection and therefore can't be taken at face value unless confirmed by another source. However, it is rather significant because it speaks to why the Reds stopped playing championship matches after July 4, 1875.

Most of the general histories that mention the Reds erroneously claim that the team ceased operations after July 4th. The various reasons given for this are that the Reds never planned on making an Eastern road trip, they didn't have the money to make a road trip, or the players refused to make a road trip. The fact is the Reds made at least two major road trips after July 4th. The first was the trip to Cincinnati and Covington and the second was to Little Rock. Couple these with an earlier trip to Keokuk and Chicago and it doesn't seem that the Reds had problems making road trips. While they did disappear from the history of major league baseball after July 1875, the Reds were still a viable operation and soldiered on until the late 1880's.

However, the fact remains that the Reds did cease playing games against other NA teams after July 4th. The most likely reason for this is two-fold. First, it appears that they had difficulties scheduling games against the Eastern teams that precluded them from making an Eastern road trip. At the same time, the team fell apart. Joe Blong was either expelled from the club for "hippodroming" or bolted the team for greener pastures. Either way, on June 29, 1875, Blong signed a contract to play with the Stars of Covington, Ky. Shortly thereafter, Charlie Sweasy jumped ship and joined a team in Cincinnati and Packy Dillon and Trick McSorley joined Blong on the Stars. Although it's unclear, Silver Flint may also have joined the Stars. In the middle of the season, the Reds lost half their team and were left scrambling to find enough players to field a nine.

One question I always had was how did Blong, Sweasy, Dillon, McSorley, and possibly Flint all end up playing baseball in the Cincinnati area after July 4, 1875? Kelsoe may have provided the answer. If the Reds are in Cincinnati and Covington in early to mid July and at the same time their players are jumping to teams in Cincinnati and Covington, it would follow that the Reds were raided by the local teams during the road trip. It's very likely that if Blong was already playing for the Stars, he might have enticed his former teammates to jump ship.

Another question that remains is why so many of the Reds were willing to jump ship in the middle of the season? It's unlikely that there's one simple answer for that. The influence of Blong would certainly explain some of it. Sweasy's connections in Cincinnati probably played a role. Sweasy himself, an outsider brought in at the last minute and a man known to be difficult to deal with, likely made for a divisive clubhouse and may have drove some people away. The lack of on the field success couldn't have been good for morale. If the Reds were truly a co-op team then the lack of a promise of an Eastern road trip would have hurt the players financially and had them looking for greener pastures. Added together, all of this put a great deal of pressure on the club and its players.

If Kelsoe is correct, and again I believe we need another source to confirm it, then we can place the break up of the Reds' NA team in mid July when they made a road trip to Cincinnati and Covington. While the situation is still unclear and many questions remain, Kelsoe gets us one step closer to figuring out what happened to the Reds in July of 1875.